Recently, the general office of the CPC Central Committee and the general office of the State Council issued the guiding opinions on establishing a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body. What is the background and significance of the guidance? How to establish and improve the management system and mechanism of nature reserves? The relevant person in charge of the State Forestry and grassland administration answered reporters' questions on relevant issues.


Q: what is the background and significance of the guidance?


A: at present, China has established more than 11800 nature reserves at all levels, covering 18% of China's land area and 4.6% of China's territorial sea. It has played an important role in maintaining national ecological security, protecting biodiversity, preserving natural heritage and improving the quality of ecological environment. However, the long-standing problems such as imperfect top-level design, unsmooth management system and unclear property rights and responsibilities do not meet the development requirements of the new era.


The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the establishment of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body. At the beginning of 2018, the relevant documents of the party and state institutional reform plan made it clear to accelerate the establishment of a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body, establish the State Forestry and grassland administration, hang the brand of the National Park Administration, and the State Forestry and grassland administration will uniformly supervise and manage national parks, nature reserves, scenic spots, special marine reserves, natural heritage Geoparks and other nature reserves.


*** This is conducive to the systematic protection of important national ecological areas and typical natural ecological space, the comprehensive protection of biodiversity and geological and geomorphic landscape diversity, the promotion of the complete protection of the life community of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, and the laying of an ecological foundation for the realization of sustainable economic and social development.


Q: what are the guiding ideology, construction objectives and basic principles of establishing a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body?


A: to establish a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body, we must take the fundamental requirements of ensuring that important natural ecosystems, natural relics, natural landscapes and biodiversity are systematically protected, improving the supply capacity of ecological products and maintaining national ecological security as the guiding ideology.


The guidance defines the overall goal of building a nature reserve system with Chinese characteristics with national parks as the main body, and puts forward three phased objectives and tasks: to build a unified classified and hierarchical management system of nature reserves by 2020; By 2025, a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body will be preliminarily established; By 2035, the scale and management of nature reserves will reach the world advanced level, and a system of nature reserves with Chinese characteristics will be fully established.


The five basic principles are: adhere to strict protection and inherit from generation to generation; Adhere to the confirmation of power according to law and hierarchical management; Adhere to ecology for the people and make scientific use of it; Adhere to government leadership and multi-party participation; Adhere to Chinese characteristics and international standards.


Q: how clear is the classification system and functional orientation of nature reserves in the guidance? How to integrate and optimize?


A: according to the authenticity, integrity, systematicness and internal laws of the natural ecosystem, the guiding opinions divide China's nature reserves into three types: national parks, nature reserves and nature parks according to the ecological value and protection intensity. The National Park is an area with the main purpose of protecting the national representative natural ecosystem. The nature reserve is an area for protecting the typical natural ecosystem, the natural concentrated distribution area of rare and endangered wild animals and plants, and the natural relics with special significance. The nature park is an area for protecting important natural ecosystems, natural relics and natural landscapes, with ecological, ornamental Cultural and scientific values, sustainable use of the region.


The guiding opinions put forward the tasks, principles and requirements for the integration and optimization of existing nature reserves, such as integrating all kinds of overlapping nature reserves, merging and optimizing adjacent nature reserves, etc. In the process of integration, optimization and consolidation, we should follow the principle of maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem, follow the overall requirements of no reduction in the protection area, no reduction in the protection intensity and no change in the protection nature, and follow the principles of protection intensity from strong to weak and the protection level from high to low. After integration and optimization, we should ensure that there is only one set of institutions and only one brand in a protected area.


Q: what are the requirements of the guidance for establishing and improving the management system and mechanism of nature reserves?


A: the guidance clearly requires innovation in the management mechanism and system of nature reserves.


The guiding opinions clearly reform the old system of setting up departments, classifying resources and dividing administrative regions, and establish a new system of unified setting, hierarchical management and zoning management and control of nature reserves.


Unified management means that a nature reserve is managed by one department and one management organization. All regions and departments shall not establish new types of nature reserves on their own.


There are three management modes: central direct management, central local joint management and local management.


Nature reserves directly managed by the central government and jointly managed by the central and local governments shall be established with the approval of the state, nature reserves managed locally shall be established with the approval of the provincial government, and the management subject shall be determined by the provincial government.


Zoning control: National Parks and nature reserves are divided into core reserves and general control areas. In principle, human activities are prohibited in the core reserves and restricted in the general control areas. In principle, the natural park is managed according to the general control area.


Q: what are the main measures taken by the State Forestry and grassland administration to implement the guidance?


A: the national forestry and grass administration will comprehensively investigate and find out the family background of nature reserves, prepare the development plan of nature reserves on the basis of comprehensive evaluation, and scientifically formulate the establishment standards and spatial layout plan of national parks on the basis of summarizing the pilot experience of national park system. According to the requirements of the central government, the pilot work will be completed and a number of national parks will be officially established in 2020.


At the same time, formulate the implementation plan for the integration and optimization of nature reserves, and classify the integration of nature reserves in areas that meet the establishment standards of national parks, are included in the spatial layout plan of national parks, and have the conditions to give priority to the establishment of national parks as national parks; The overlapping nature reserves shall be integrated according to the principle of high protection intensity and level; The same type of nature reserves connected (adjacent) to the same natural geographical unit shall be merged and reorganized according to the principles of complete natural ecosystem, connected species habitat and unified protection and management, reasonably determine the type and functional positioning of the merged nature reserves, and optimize the scope and control zoning. We should also promote the legislative process of nature reserves, constantly improve the construction of the legal system of nature reserves, strengthen the supervision and management of nature reserves, properly solve the problems left over by history, and carry out research on a series of major issues such as the ways to realize the public welfare of nature reserves and comprehensive law enforcement.


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